美国研究人员在新一期《实验医学杂志》上报告说，他们在研究2009年暴发的甲型H1N1流感时发现，感染过这种流感的人体内会产生抵御其他多种流感病毒的抗体，这一发现有可能帮助科学家研制出新的抗流感疫苗。

一个由埃默里大学医学院和芝加哥大学的科学家组成的研究小组对9名志愿者进行研究，得出了上述结论。这9名志愿者多数是20岁至30多岁的年轻人，都在2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情蔓延期间受到感染。在发现症状之后10天，医院对他们进行抽血并保留样本。

在这些志愿者体内，研究人员发现了一种普通流感患者或者注射过普通流感疫苗的人所没有的免疫反应。这种反应所产生的抗体，能保护机体免受过去10年所发现的全部季节性H1N1型病毒的侵害，同时还能抵御1918年“西班牙流感”病毒，以及H5N1型禽流感病毒的感染。

研究人员先从这些志愿者的血液样本中找到能产生抗体的白细胞，从中分离出抗体基因，然后利用这些抗体基因在实验室中培育出86种抗体。研究人员接着对这些抗体进行试验，以确定它们究竟能抵御哪种流感病毒。

研究发现，有5种抗体具有交叉保护作用，能抵御上述多种流感病毒和H5N1型禽流感病毒。

在实验鼠身上使用这些抗体进行试验的结果显示，实验鼠得到全面保护，可免受致病剂量流感病毒的侵袭。

研究人员指出，新的研究成果表明，如果对免疫系统进行正确的刺激，可促使人体产生新的流感抗体，这意味着科学家今后有可能研制出能有效抵御多种流感病毒的疫苗。

推荐原文出处：

The Journal of Experimental Medicine   doi: 10.1084/jem.20101352

Broadly cross-reactive antibodies dominate the human B cell response against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection

Jens Wrammert1,2, Dimitrios Koutsonanos2, Gui-Mei Li1,2, Srilatha Edupuganti4,5, Jianhua Sui6, Michael Morrissey8, Megan McCausland1,2, Ioanna Skountzou2, Mady Hornig9, W. Ian Lipkin9, Aneesh Mehta3, Behzad Razavi5, Carlos Del Rio3,4,10, Nai-Ying Zheng8, Jane-Hwei Lee8, Min Huang8, Zahida Ali8, Kaval Kaur8, Sarah Andrews8, Rama Rao Amara1,2, Youliang Wang1, Suman Ranjan Das11, Christopher David O'Donnell12, Jon W. Yewdell11, Kanta Subbarao12, Wayne A. Marasco6, Mark J. Mulligan4, Richard Compans1, Rafi Ahmed1,2, and Patrick C. Wilson8

Abstract

The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza pandemic demonstrated the global health threat of reassortant influenza strains. Herein, we report a detailed analysis of plasmablast and monoclonal antibody responses induced by pandemic H1N1 infection in humans. Unlike antibodies elicited by annual influenza vaccinations, most neutralizing antibodies induced by pandemic H1N1 infection were broadly cross-reactive against epitopes in the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk and head domain of multiple influenza strains. The antibodies were from cells that had undergone extensive affinity maturation. Based on these observations, we postulate that the plasmablasts producing these broadly neutralizing antibodies were predominantly derived from activated memory B cells specific for epitopes conserved in several influenza strains. Consequently, most neutralizing antibodies were broadly reactive against divergent H1N1 and H5N1 influenza strains. This suggests that a pan-influenza vaccine may be possible, given the right immunogen. Antibodies generated potently protected and rescued mice from lethal challenge with pandemic H1N1 or antigenically distinct influenza strains, making them excellent therapeutic candidates.

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