近来在材料构造技术方面的进展已经带来了具有一批实践应用的从生物获得灵感的设计大量出现。通过复制纳米尺寸的特征，科研人员能够使用这些技术研究生物系统的显微结构的功能意义。

Michael Domingue及其同事在研究昆虫的视觉信号传导系统的时候，制造了白蜡窄吉丁甲虫的雌性假虫，它具有两个纳米尺寸的翼特征，能够散射光并产生视觉交配信号。

在一系列的大田试验中，这组作者观察到了这些假虫引起了雄性昆虫的完整的吸引和着陆顺序，这是一系列的快速飞行，以雄性直接降落在这个雌性身上告终。

这组作者报告说，相比之下，当雄性遇到用3D打印制造但是没有表面结构元素的其他假虫的时候，这些昆虫短暂接近这些假虫，但是在飞落之前改道了。这组作者说，这些发现表明了生物复制型假虫可以用于研究昆虫的视觉响应，并且有可能针对农业害虫和其他害虫起作用。

原文摘要：

Bioreplicated visual features of nanofabricated buprestid beetle decoys evokestereotypical male mating flights

Michael J. Domingue, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Drew P. Pulsifer, Loyal P. Hall, John V. Badding,Jesse L. Bischof, Raúl J. Martín-Palma, Zoltán Imrei, Gergely Janik, Victor C. Mastro, Missy Hazen,and Thomas C. Baker

Recent advances in nanoscale bioreplication processes present the potential for novel basic and applied research into organismal behavioral processes. Insect behavior potentially could be affected by physicalfeatures existing at the nanoscale level. We used nano-bioreplicated visual decoys of female emerald ash borer beetles (Agrilus planipennis) to evoke stereotypical mate-finding behavior, whereby males fly to and alight on the decoys as they would on real females. Using an industrially scalABLe nanomolding process, we replicated and evaluated the importance of two features of the outer cuticular surfAce of thebeetle’s wings: structural interference coloration of the elytra by multilayering of the epicuticle and fine-scale surface features consisting of spicules and spines that scatter light into intense strands. Two types ofdecoys that lacked one or both of these elements were fabricated, one type nano-bioreplicated and the other 3D-printed with no bioreplicated surface nanostructural elements. Both types were colored with green paint. The light-scattering properties of the nano-bioreplicated surfaces were verified by shining a white laser on the decoys in a dark room and projecting the scattering pattern onto a white surface. Regardless of the coloration mechanism, the nano-bioreplicated decoys evoked the complete attraction and landing sequence of Agrilus males. In contrast, males made brief flying approaches toward the decoyswithout nanostructured features, but diverted away before alighting on them. The nano-bioreplicateddecoys were also electroconductive, a feature used on traps such that beetles alighting onto them were stunned, killed, and collected.

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